Empowerment and Job Satisfaction in Nursing Educators

Empowerment and Job Satisfaction in Nursing Educators Research Design This research will use a descriptive correlational study design and involve the following variables: Structural Empowerment and Job Satisfaction in nursing educators. This is a non-experimental descriptive correlational research that does not manipulate or control the independent variable which is the nursing educators. The researchers, based on the descriptive design, will summarize the phenomena observed within the natural environment without manipulation and also establish a correlation to determine the relationship between structural empowerment and job satisfaction. This quantitative research is undertaken to investigate structural empowerment and level of job satisfaction and its sub variables to determine: concepts (measureable reflections) and constructs (concept that is â€Å"man-made† and deliberately used by the researchers for a specific purpose) that affect the nursing educator. The assumed direction is that structural empowerment (independent variable) influences the level of job satisfactions of nursing educators (dependent variable). The researchers decided that descriptive correlational type of study design was best used to illustrate, understand and establish if there is a significant relationship between the two constructs. This design is dissimilar to the other descriptive research designs that focus on ideas not specific to the needs of the researchers, for example a comparative design compares and contrasts two or more groups which is inappropriate for a study solely based on nursing educators. A longitudinal design, studies samples over a period of time to show trends and growth changes across a span of time, which the researchers did not deem necessary at this point in time for the study ( possibly for future researchers that replicate this study) . A retrospective and prospective design was ill fitted for the researchers’ specific purpose, which was to establish the current level of job satisfaction of nursing educators ba sed on their perceived structural empowerment. *Insert and lift definition from book* Respondents of the Study This study will exclusively utilize nursing educators in the Philippines specifically nursing educators employed in the Metro Manila Area and more precisely the schools in the University Belt. The inclusion criteria dictate that the respondents of the study are current employed educators in accredited nursing schools offering a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing. Explicitly, the educators will be employed within the schools encompassing the University Belt in Manila and hold a minimum of a masteral degree. For this study, the respondents must be a fulltime member of the faculty and be employed greater than six months in the department. The educator must teach a minimum of one major nursing course and or is a clinical instructor for greater than one semester of a school year. The exclusion criteria dictate that an adjunct educator or a professor teaching in another accredited school or institution other than the one surveyed in will be excluded for this study. Sampling Technique The sample for this study is selected to be optimistically representative of the entire nursing educator population in the Metro Manila Area. A probability sampling will be done in order to randomize selection of respondents. This method is optimal to obtain a representative sample because the respondents are not subject to the researchers biases. A cluster sampling will be administered to determine the individuals included in the study selected through a simple stratified random sampling. The researcher will select a random sample from a larger general population (all accredited nursing schools within the University Belt) and from that batch a selected quota will be determined to identify the strata of the population (how many nursing educators are in the schools selected) this number will then be proportioned as a whole to determine the total and again the individuals randomly selected. The random sampling will become successively smaller units until the desired proportionate rando m sampling will be made. The sample size will be determined by the target population and the Slovin formula. Research Setting The research study will be conducted in the de facto sub district in Manila, unofficially named the University Belt or U-belt where in, there is a greater concentration of colleges and universities in a four mile (six kilometer) area. The university belt is described as an irregular cresent with a tail encompassed by the following areas of Sampaloc, Quiapo, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa, and San Miguel. The following colleges and universities that offer a bachelors in nursing degree are clustered in this area and will be included in this study: *the cluster sampling will determine the actual colleges included in the paper* Arellano University The College of Nursing Arellano University 2600 Legarda Street, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines In 1954, Arellano University opened a school of nursing which offered a basic nursing course. In April 1960, the School of Nursing expanded its curricular offerings by adding courses in post-basic nursing with majors in public health and clinical teaching. The School of Nursing was later renamed College of Nursing. At about the same time, a preparatory medical course was added to the general curriculum of the College of Arts and Sciences.The Arellano University School of Nursing grew out of the Graduate Nurse Program which was organized in 1960. The course leading to the B.S.N. Degree was started in 1965. Its first group of graduates took the Board Examination for Nurses in June, 1970.The college offers the following courses: Bachelor of Science in Nursing with optionto complete and earn degree from Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia and an International Nursing Program of a Bachelor of Science in Nursing To be completed at either Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, We st Virginia, USA orEdith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia. http://www.arellano.edu.ph/colleges/nursing Centro Escolar University College of the Holy Spirit- De Ocampo Memorial College Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology Far Eastern University FEATI University College of the Holy Spirit La Consolacion College Manila Manuel L. Quezon University National Teachers College National University (Philippines) Perpetual Help College of Manila Philippine School of Business Administration PMI Colleges formerly Philippine Maritime Institute San Beda College San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Manila Philippine College of Health Sciences, Inc. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Technological Institute of the Philippines University of the East University of Manila University of Santo Tomas Mary Chiles College Data Gathering Instrument The two major variables in the study will be measured by the following questionnaires: Conditions for Work Effectiveness – II (CWEQ-II) for structural empowerment and Mueller and McCloskey Satisfaction Scale. Permission to use these tools were granted (see Appendix) still waiting on email and reply from the authors* The study will utilize the Conditions for Work Effectiveness – II (CWEQ-II) for structural empowerment developed by Dr. Heather K. Spence Laschinger which is based on Kanter’s theory of structural empowerment. The Questionnaire measures four empowerment dimensions: 1. perceived access to opportunity 2. support 3. information and 4. Resources in the work environment. The questionnaire takes about 10-30 minutes to accomplish. The instrument has been used frequently in research and especially nursing since the 2000’s and has consistently shown reliability and validity. ( source http://publish.uwo.ca/~hkl/tools/cweq/index.html) *Keep this here I haven’t seen the questionnaire anyway since the author hasn’t emailed me but this is a good reference just incase its from a website im not sure if its reliable so hold off on this part* The tool consists of 19 items (39 questions) that measure Kanter’s 6 components of structural empowerment described by opportunity, information, support, resources, formal power, and informal power and a 2-item global empowerment scale which is used for construct validation purposes.Items on each of the six subscales are summed and averaged to provide a score for each subscale ranging from 1-5.These scores of the 6 subscales are then summed to create the total empowerment score (score range: 6-30).Higher scores represent higher perceptions of empowerment. The McCloskey Mueller Satisfaction Scale was developed by Charles W. Mueller and Joanne Comi McCloskey. In the article published in the Academy of Management Journal 1990, the MMSS is said to be a reliable and valid measurement for job satisfaction in nurses. The McCloskey Mueller instrument being designed for health care settings, dominated the other instruments in terms of the combination of psychometric properties and ease of use. The MMSS is a 31 item questionnaire with the sub scales of: Extrinsic rewards, scheduling satisfaction, famly/work balance, co-workers, interaction, professional opportunities, praise/recognition, control and responsibility global scale. A 5 point Likert response category was used for each various item (5) very satisfied, (4) moderately satisfied, (3) neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, (2) moderately satisfied, (1) very dissatisfied. Source Mueller, C., McCloskey, J. 1990. Nurses’ job satisfaction: a proposed measure s and efficiency.AcademyofManagementJournal, 36(6):1345-1347. Validation of Research Instrument The Conditions for Work Effectiveness – II (CWEQ-II) for structural empowerment and Mueller and McCloskey Satisfaction Scale questionnaires will be pre- tested to a select number of respondents similar to the determined sample size, this will ensure internal validation of the instruments and determine if the tools adequately assess what is needed by the researchers and that the respondents have no difficulty in answering the questionnaires. These test respondents will not be added to the study’s sample size. Since these instruments were not made and administered in the Philippines the researchers deliberated on the need for interpreting the questionnaires but deemed that the original documents need not be altered because of the educational attainment and profession of the respondents. Any irregularities or issues with the questionnaires will be considered and further changes will be made if discrepancies arise during the administration and interpretation. Data Gathering Process The data gathering process begins and is determined by the acquiescence of the Dean of Nursing of each college and university selected in the research to allow their faculty to participate in the study. If the proper permissions have been granted, the time period for administration of the questionnaires will be the school year 2014-2015 in the months of June to August. The total respondents for each college and university will be determined and in line with ethical and privacy concerns, will be informed about the confidentiality of the results and if deemed necessary the results will be forwarded at the Deans request. As individual respondent permission is granted the respondent will be given the questionnaires to be fulfilled and collected by the appointed liaison within the institution to be forwarded to the researchers. The data will be collated from the colleges and universities selected and tallied based on the scoring scales for each questionnaire. Statistical Treatment of Data Ma’m Nava * I don’t get this part à ¯Ã‚ Ã…’ angella

Mate Selection Process Questions Essay

1. Do you find that your parents tend to promote free choice selection or arranged marriages? 2. Do you prefer to find a man that you think would be a good father? 3. Do you tend to choose woman based on the fact that she could bear a healthy child? 4. Is it attractive to find an intelligent man/woman? 5. When deciding on a man/women to date do you tend to be attracted to a person with similar social background? 6. Do you tend to have an image of an ideal mate formed in your head? 7. Do you believe that it is possible for anyone to get mate in his/her life because attraction is based more on reality than fantasy? 8. In your opinion do you think arranged marriages are more successful than dating or vise versa? 9. When you decide to marry another person do you truly believe you will be together for the rest of your life? 10. Does being in a relationship and more specifically marriage make you worry you will need to give up your dreams? 11. Do you show your resources to prove that you are good provider (men only)? 12. Do you display qualities that make you desirable and seem nurturing (women only)? 13. In your opinion do you think having gained a disposable income and cars has made dating more fun and easier to do? 14. When you date do believe that it is unethical to date more than one person at a time? 15. When you date more and more do you find that your expectations grow higher and higher to the point where you feel satisfied in the relationship?

Ways of KNowing

WHEN Is a focus on the primary medical management of women's health throughout the phases of a man's life. Many aspects of a woman's life are variables that will affect her general health and wellness. For example, relationships, children, career, family, finances, environmental factors, spirituality, and other influences collectively impact a woman's health and wellness. In my own nursing experience, I recall a difficult client care situation that perplexed me with serious ethical questions and allowed me to unfold a â€Å"bigger picture† of the woman's life.This woman contracted HIVE during her first sexual encounter at the age on nineteen. I had the privilege of knowing her when she was the age of thirty-three which for her was the end of her life due to the disease processes. I spent a good deal of time with her In clinical practice and came to a full understanding and appreciation of her life story but not at first. I created many barriers for myself and for her with resp ect to vast commodities and clinical needs beyond comparison to many other patients I had encountered.The barriers were created because of my intolerance and objectivity I had created against the WAITED population. I learned later that she was the loving mother of a child that she could not physically see because she had lost her eyesight. She was alone. She was abandoned by the father of the child who was the carrier of the HIVE she had contracted. She was angry. She was scared. She was mistreated and abused by her family and the system. My moment of knowing myself finally came when I was able to see myself as being this person.She could have been anybody life story. During this time I was able to re-evaluate my personal feelings and biases and this particular tuition brought to fruitful a nurse that was less Judgmental, more understanding, more tolerant, and most Importantly more knowing. This happened long before I knew there was Integrated Theory and Knowledge Development in Nur sing. All the while, we nurses have been developing ways of knowing and like many of my fellow undergraduate nurses, I did not acknowledge the term â€Å"Knowing† in the sense of an art.Former clinical experiences have influenced how I acquire knowledge in my latter clinical practice. I use an integrated approach to the collection and analysis of ATA from personal, ethical, and empirical perspectives. Personally, I am aware that I am human and can easily become consumed in opinions and prejudices. I understand that ownership of a prejudice in nursing creates barriers that will not allow the nurse patient relationship to flourish. The nurse's failure in realizing the self as a potential barrier Is also the nurse's failure In delivering the most therapeutic and holistic care possible.I consider psychosocial, demographic, ethnic, cultural, and/ or religious factors that may bear weight on a therapeutic plan of care. I pay attention to facial expressions, educational level, langu age, and family members. Is religious practices that prevent certain treatments? Is the patient in pain? These are important questions that I ask or observe for gathering information and formulating a specific plan of care. What can I do as the primary nurse to be part of a therapeutic clinical plan of care? What can I say to add words of comfort in times of fear?How can I be proactive in the community to raise a level of awareness concerning senseless acts of violence or the spread of disease and infection? Am I using the best possible aseptic techniques to facilitate the most optimal outcomes during wound care and other invasive procedures? A combination of clinical objectivity, personal knowing, and ethical/disciplinary knowing are utilized during clinical practice to ensure I deliver the best care I can to the patients that I serve. The Phenomenon of Interest that I would like to further examine is as follows: Investigating the quality of life and health in infertility. Ways of Knowing I choose to talk on this essay about how they have an Impact on my process of acquiring knowledge are: 1) Emotion 2) Memory 3) Reason I will start with emotion. I believe emotion has a great role on all individuals' process of acquiring knowledge. That's because emotion Is Interfering in our choices at all moments.For example: When I started writing this essay I had to choose three from seven ways of knowing, and my emotions play a key role in this choice because I ended up choosing the ones I like the best, and now I will write a completely different say from which I would if I had chosen any other of the seven ways of knowing and this will have an impact on my process of acquiring knowledge. Another daily example of when emotion comes into its defining role is when we come into the position of having to choose where we are going to eat, at which restaurant.Emotion might lead us to choose our favorite restaurant other than trying out a new restaurant and this is avoiding us to try o ut new experiences, learn new food tastes and therefore emotion again has an impact on my/everybody process of acquiring knowledge. However emotion might also have a positive impact on ones process of acquiring knowledge. For example, I once traveled to New Zealand and had the chance to bungee Jump. My parents told me not to jump, they were scared that I could hurt myself Jumping, but my emotions told me that I should Jump, that It would be a good experience, something new.And so I did. Exposed myself to something new and therefore learned something, acquired knowledge. And all this positive acquiring of knowledge was only possible because my emotion told me to jump, to try something new. I believe memory has a very negative role on an individual's process of acquiring knowledge. That's due to the fact the many times people try something out and have a negative experience and this first negative experience stays in their memory and blocks them from trying this actively again and pos sibly having a positive second experience.I myself have many example of a blocking first negative experience. For example: When I was a kid, I tried this Russian food called â€Å"standoff' once and didn't like it, because of this experience I have never tried it again and this has avoided me from possibly having a positive second experience and possibly liking the dish very much, but the memory from the first negative experience has blocked me from ever having the second try. However memory can have some positive effects on an Individual's process of aqualung knowledge.For example: You might not have seen a friend for a long time, and you pass by him on the street. If it wasn't for your memory you might not recognize him and call his attention so that you two could meet each other after so many years and chat. If it wasn't for your memory (which allowed you to recognize your friend) you would not be able to meet him and chat with him, therefore you would not learn what he has been up too In the last few years.This recognition allowed an encounter which opens has been up too in the last few years). Reason is very similar to emotion, they are linked in a way, some say they are opposites. Reason is present in every decision we make. Using the example from emotion about the restaurants, reason might be present. For example: You might chose between restaurant A and restaurant B because restaurant A serves a type of food you like the best, that's reason involved in your Judgment.But how can reason affect your process of acquiring knowledge? Well, when studying for a test, you might be undecided whether to study from a book or study from the internet. When taking this decision you will (maybe even unconsciously) use reason to decide whether to study from a book or from the internet, and when you do so you will then have effectively affected your process of acquiring knowledge, as you will now be acquiring knowledge for your test from a different source.One personal example of how reason has affected my process of acquiring knowledge was when I was undecided whether to buy a book called â€Å"How to rap† or a book called â€Å"The www-tang manual†. I used reason on deciding which book to buy, Judging the pros and the cons of each book. And I finally decided to buy â€Å"How to rap†. This truly had an impact on my process of acquiring knowledge because I am now acquiring knowledge from the book â€Å"How to rap† but if my reason process had decided that â€Å"The www-tang manual† was a better book then I would be acquiring knowledge from â€Å"The www-tang manual†.Therefore reason helped me choose between two different sources of knowledge and now I am acquiring knowledge from one of them and not the other, therefore my process of acquiring knowledge has be affected. Reason might not always make you make the best decisions, it all depends on how you're reasoning process is made, but it surely happens in every decision we cake, Just like emotion. As a conclusion, I believe that all seven ways of knowing has an impact on an individual's process of acquiring knowledge.Some might be positive sometimes and some might be negative sometimes, but they are always taking a role, no matter if positively or negatively in or decisions and in or process of acquiring knowledge. The seven ways of knowing are present in or day to day lives (as seen in the examples given) and therefore it this important to understand how these impact our process of acquiring knowledge so that we can have better control of the effect these take in our life.

The Definition of Beauty Essay - 1145 Words

Advertising has changed in many ways over the years, growing and maturing to show us what we should be. Because our own self-esteem is not enough, we rely on advertising to tell us what is beautiful and what is not. Whether we realize it or not, beauty is ultimately defined for us. Products are advertised all around us, telling us that something in our life is missing because we do not have a certain product in our possession. Ranging from make-up to plastic surgery, most of this advertising is geared toward women. This can be shown through the advertisements analyzed in this essay. Both ads depict women who are approachable. The older ad depicts simplicity and innocence, while the current ad shows a more complex, sexual look. The images†¦show more content†¦You are only able to see her face; her hair is not visible. The only other part of her body you can see is a bit of her left shoulder, which has no straps or indications that she is wearing clothing. The background shows a clear blue sky and a busy street in modern day London, England (indicated by the infamous Big Ben clock tower. The girl has her lips parted slightly, showing a few of her white teeth. Her eyelashes are also outlined with mascara. Her eyelashes are not only thick and full, but nearly every individual lash seems to be clearly defined as well. She is wearing a thick necklace with many small pink jewels. On the right panel of the picture, there is text describing the product being advertised, which is mascara as well. The text is black and says, â€Å"The Max Volume Flash Mascara†¦Skinny to Fat in 10 Seconds Flat†¦14 times more volume†¦Our biggest brush ever†¦Collagen and Keratin enriched.† Below this text is the product, a long, thick pink tube of mascara. Below the mascara tube are the words, â€Å"Get the London look† in white text. On the current ad, pink eye shadow and lip gloss match the pink shade of the mascara bottle. The eye shadow draws at tention to her piercing, deep blue eyes and defined lashes that the product promises to give you. The older ad has darker colors. The green bracelet is one of the brightest objects and is near the face, which draws your attention to the smile and the eyes, which are green as well. The dark blue sweater she isShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Beauty And Beauty884 Words   |  4 PagesDefinition of Beauty There are a lot of things to account for when people think of the word beauty, there is the dictionary definition, physical beauty, inner beauty, and how beauty affects everyone. In today’s society when someone hears the word beauty they most likely think of physical appearance. The word beautiful comes from the word beauty; people use it when they want to describe something that they think is flawless. 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A famous quote that goes along with this perfectly is â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder.† I think a person’s inner beauty should be taken into account when deciding whether or not a person is beautiful. Wikipedia’s definition of beauty is, â€Å"a characteristic of a person, animal, place, object, or idea that provides a perceptual experience of pleasure or satisfaction† while Oxford Dictionary states, â€Å"beauty